{"id":3789,"date":"2025-02-28T15:55:13","date_gmt":"2025-02-28T06:55:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.dev.vietcafe-learning.com\/material\/?p=3789"},"modified":"2025-02-28T16:07:19","modified_gmt":"2025-02-28T07:07:19","slug":"grammar10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/en.dev.vietcafe-learning.com\/material\/grammar10\/","title":{"rendered":"Grammar10: Tenses (Future, Past, Progressive, Recent Past, Near Future)"},"content":{"rendered":"

In this lesson, we will study Vietnamese tenses.<\/p>\n

Unlike English, where verbs change in both regular and irregular ways based on tense, Vietnamese does not have such concerns. Instead, Vietnamese uses time-related words or tense markers to indicate past, future, and other tenses.<\/p>\n

Vietnamese Tenses<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

All the sentence structures introduced so far have been in the present tense.<\/strong><\/p>\n

In Vietnamese, if no additional words<\/strong> are used, the sentence is generally understood to be in the present tense, similar to Japanese.<\/p>\n

To express past, future, or other tenses<\/strong>, follow these three rules:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Using time-related words (e.g., “yesterday,” “next year,” “now”)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

If a time-related word is present in the sentence, it automatically indicates the tense, eliminating the need for additional tense markers.<\/p>\n

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Example sentences:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2460H\u00f4m qua<\/span>, t\u00f4i \u0111i \u0103n v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh.
\nYesterday, I went to eat with my family.<\/p>\n

\u2461T\u00f4i \u0111i ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y mai.<\/span>
\nI will go out with friends tomorrow.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

2. Using tense markers when no time-related words are present<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

If no time-related words are present in the sentence, then a tense marker<\/strong> (listed in the next section) is added before the verb or adjective.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Example sentences:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2460T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3<\/span> \u0111i \u0103n v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh.
\n\u3000I went to eat with my family.<\/p>\n

\u2461T\u00f4i s\u1ebd<\/span> \u0111i ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n.
\n\u3000I will go out with friends.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

3. Using both time-related words and tense markers for emphasis<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

If both a time-related word<\/strong> and a tense marker are used in the same sentence, it emphasizes<\/strong> the tense more clearly.<\/p>\n

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Example sentences:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2460H\u00f4m qua<\/span>, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3<\/span> \u0111i \u0103n v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh.
\n\u3000Yesterday, I went to eat with my family.<\/p>\n

\u2461T\u00f4i s\u1ebd<\/span> \u0111i ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y mai.<\/span>
\n\u3000I will go out with friends tomorrow.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Tense Markers in Vietnamese<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tense<\/strong><\/th>\nTense Marker<\/strong><\/th>\nExample Sentence<\/strong><\/th>\nTranslation<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Past Tense<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0111\u00e3<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3<\/span> h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t.<\/td>\nI studied Vietnamese.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Future Tense<\/strong><\/td>\ns\u1ebd<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nT\u00f4i s\u1ebd<\/span> \u0111i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/td>\nI will go to Japan.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Progressive (Present Continuous)<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0111ang<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nT\u00f4i \u0111ang<\/span> l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/td>\nI am working.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Recent Past<\/strong><\/td>\nv\u1eeba m\u1edbi<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nT\u00f4i v\u1eeba m\u1edbi<\/span> \u0103n xong.<\/td>\nI just finished eating.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Near Future<\/strong><\/td>\ns\u1eafp<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nT\u00f4i s\u1eafp<\/span> \u0111i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c.<\/td>\nI am about to go on a business trip.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Time-Related Words in Vietnamese<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Time-related words can replace tense markers<\/strong> when used at the beginning or end of a sentence.<\/p>\n

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Example sentences<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2460 Th\u00e1ng sau<\/span>, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.
\nNext month, I will go to Japan.<\/p>\n

\u2461 Anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed9p b\u00e1o c\u00e1o h\u00f4m qua<\/span>.
\n\u00a0He submitted the report yesterday.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Practice Questions:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate tense marker (\u0111\u00e3, s\u1ebd, \u0111ang, v\u1eeba m\u1edbi, s\u1eafp)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u2460 Ng\u00e0y mai, t\u00f4i ___ \u0111i h\u1eb9n h\u00f2.
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 Tomorrow, I will go on a date.<\/p>\n

\u2461 A: Em \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n t\u1ed1i ch\u01b0a?
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Have you had dinner yet?<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0B: V\u00e2ng, em ___ \u0103n t\u1ed1i r\u1ed3i.
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Yes, I have eaten.\/Yes, I just ate.<\/p>\n

\u2462 Xin m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i, bu\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ___ b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 Please take your seats. The performance is about to start.<\/p>\n

\u2463 Anh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft m\u00e1y. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd anh \u1ea5y ___ l\u00e1i xe.
\n\u00a0 \u00a0He is not answering the phone. Maybe he is driving.<\/p>\n

\u2464 A: Anh h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t bao l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i?
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0How long have you been studying Vietnamese?<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0B: T\u00f4i ___ b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0I just started studying last week.<\/p>\n\n\n

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